Download Ebook The History of Theater in Iran
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Although most people do not speak of theater and Iran in the same breath, dramatic expression has always been a fixture of Iranian culture. Some 2500 years ago, kings and commoners alike were regaled by comic theater in the form of dance and mime, accompanied by music. The dancers often wore masks, a vestige of an earlier era when such dances were enacted as religious rites. Comic drama also took a slapstick form, in which social situations were lampooned and people ridiculed by imitating their accents and behavior. Yet another ancient dramatic art was that of puppetry, now known to have exist much earlier than its attested date of about 1000 CE. Only glove and string puppets were popular in Iran; though briefly practiced, shadow puppetry failed to win a following. Like comic dance and mime, narrative drama originated in religious rites. Over time, religious ceremony evolved gave rise to a popular secular epic tradition that was very popular in pre-Islamic Iran. The bard enjoyed an important place in social life, and the verbal arts of poetry, storytelling, elegy and recitation thrived, often accompanied by music. In Islamic times, this art form continued and was given impetus by elegies and public recitations about the heroic deeds of ancient kings. In addition, Iran produced the only form of Islamic religious epic drama (ta`ziyeh-khvani), which reenacts the martyrdom of Imam Hoseyn. In traditional Iranian theater, there was no real difference between high and low culture, although artists attached to the royal court and sponsored by the rich tended to be more competent than those who performed for the public at large. With the exception of religious and narrative drama, written texts were seldom used. The artists—whether comedian, mime, puppeteer, elegist or storyteller performed both in public and private spaces. European theater, with its reliance on a written text and normative rather than improvisatory acting, arrived in 1878 and was part of the modernization process in Iran. It enjoyed a hey-day in the early years of the twentieth century, but has experienced many ups-and-downs since then. Today, it once again enjoys great popularity. At the same time, traditional theatre is being rediscovered, and playwrights are using some of its forms to develop indigenous modern Iranian theatre—a melding of the deep past and dynamic present. Cover painting: A mime dance by a group of professional entertainers accompanied by musicians, ascribed to Mirza Mohammad al-Hoseyni, Iran 1613. Courtesy of Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution. World History : HyperHistory World History Online navigates through 3 000 years of world history world timelines of civilizations (plus maps) people and world events. Iran - Wikipedia Iran (/ r n / also / r n /; Persian: Irn [in]) also known as Persia (/ p r /) officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ... Iran-Iraq War - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Find out more about the history of Iran-Iraq War including videos interesting articles pictures historical features and more. Get all the facts on HISTORY.com ... Article Details: Iran-Iraq ... Architecture from Iran ArchDaily As the remnants of an empire that once covered almost the entire area from Greece to China Iran is full of historic wonders. Due to the country's current political situation it is not exactly a ... Culture of Iran - history people clothing traditions women ... Culture of Iran - history people clothing traditions women beliefs food customs family Ge-It ... History and Ethnic Relations Emergence of the Nation. The Iranian nation is one of the ... Theater Tickets - TicketNetwork Find theater tickets at TicketNetwork! We list a huge selection of theatre tickets for NYC London and all over the US. ... We know how much your event means to you and we will stand behind you ... Iran signs Treaty of Alliance with Great Britain and USSR - HISTORY.com On this day in History Iran signs Treaty of Alliance with Great Britain and USSR on Jan 29 1942. Learn more about what happened today on History. ... On this day Britain and the USSR secure an ... The Middle East Theater - U.S. Army Center Of Military History UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II. The Middle East Theater. THE PERSIAN CORRIDOR AND AID TO RUSSIA ... Foreword. This volume relates the problems faced by Allies who met in strange lands without ... F-14 Tomcat operational history - Wikipedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ... The Tomcat made its combat debut during Operation Frequent Wind the evacuation of American ... Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) - GlobalSecurity.org Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) The Iran-Iraq War permanently altered the course of Iraqi history. It strained Iraqi political and social life and led to severe economic dislocations.
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